Publications

Medicaid DSH Funds: Essential Support for the Nation's Health Care Safety Net

Thu, 15 Nov 2012 12:28:25 GMT

(Oct. 2012) This brief provides an overview of disproportionate share hospital (DSH) payments and their essential role in supporting the nation's safety net hospitals and health systems.

Need for a Sustainable Solution: Restoring the Balance in Safety Net Financing

Wed, 14 Nov 2012 13:32:09 GMT

(Oct 2012) This analysis describes the potential impact of hospitals incurring $53.3 billion more in uncompensated care costs than originally estimated when lawmakers approved the Affordable Care Act.

Equitable, Sustainable, Reliable Safety Net Financing: Medicaid DSH

Tue, 05 Jun 2012 10:51:35 GMT

(May 2012) This policy brief outlines NAPH's recommendations for implementing the reductions to Medicaid DSH funding specified in the Affordable Care Act (ACA).

Health Information Technology and The Safety Net

Tue, 08 May 2012 09:16:59 GMT

(May 2012) This issue brief highlights challenges NAPH members face in implementing health information technology. It also outlines policy implications and recommendations for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services as it refines electronic health record incentive programs.

Quality

Tue, 13 Apr 2010 09:31:49 GMT

NAPH Members Focus on Reducing Readmissions

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:21:42 GMT

(June 2011) This data brief provides findings from NAPH's readmissions survey, including strategies for reducing readmissions and populations at high risk for readmissions in NAPH member hospitals.

Heart Failure & Heart Attack Quality Data Performance

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:22:08 GMT

(May 2011) This data brief provides information on how NAPH members as a group perform on publicly-reported measures of care for patients with heart failure and heart attack.

Strategies to Improve ED Overcrowding: Data from the NPHHI ED Throughput Study

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:22:41 GMT

(April 2011) NAPH members have achieved extraordinary results navigating the most vulnerable patient populations through overwhelmed EDs.

The Patient Safety Initiative at America's Public Hospitals: The Year One Overview

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:28:20 GMT

(January 2011) Through a generous grant from the Kaiser Permenente Community Benefit Fund, NAPH partnered with the National Patient Safety Foundation (NPSF) to offer The Patient Safety Initiative at America's Public Hospitals. This brief summarizes projects and activities that NAPH members implemented as part of this program and how they were able to achieve various patient safety goals.

NAPH Members Continue to Improve on Key Quality Measures

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:28:53 GMT

(June 2010) NAPH continuously tracks member performance on publicly reported quality measures. This Research Brief looks at the latest data release on CMS's Hospital Compare website and analyzes longitudinal trends between the averaged NAPH member scores and the averaged U.S. hospital scores. It concludes that NAPH members continue to outperform non-members on most core measures.

Safety Net Hospitals Establish "Medical Homes"

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:29:21 GMT

(February 2010) This Research Brief on safety net hospital and health system implementation of the medical home model of care provides an overview of NAPH member medical home programs and identifies common characteristics of such programs. It also shares evidence from the literature about the efficacy of medical homes in improving quality of care and reducing both costs and emergency department visits.

NAPH Members Embrace Transparency in Quality Performance

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:29:54 GMT

(December 2009) The brief provides an overview of members' efforts to share their quality data both internally (with hospital staff, board members, and executives), as well as externally (with patients and community members). The report provides information on the trend of external transparency in public hospitals, the practices that they have implemented to be more transparent, and the impact that transparency has had on five member hospitals that are leaders in this area.

CMS Releases Latest Quality Data: NAPH Members Outperform on Most Core Measures

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:30:18 GMT

(Septembe 2009) This research brief analyses CMS's July 2009 release of hospital performance scores on Hospital Compare. Specifically, the analysis compares aggregated NAPH members' scores with those of hospitals nationally and discusses data trends over time.

NAPH Influence and Involvement in the National Quality Forum

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:33:16 GMT

(June 2009) This Research Brief describes NAPH's involvement with National Quality Forum(NQF) activities and provides information to increase member involvement in the NQF consensus development process.

Kaiser Scholarships Help NAPH Members Reach Quality Goals

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:33:50 GMT

(June 2009) NAPH and its research affiliate, the National Public Health and Hospital Institute (NPHHI), publish a series of Research Briefs that inform NAPH members and share innovative and important practices among NAPH members. This Research Brief describes a special member benefit that has made a significant contribution to NAPH's quality improvement agenda.

HCAHPS Survey: Patients' Perspective of Care

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:34:26 GMT

(October 2008) Patient satisfaction is an increasingly critical piece of how hospitals and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) measure quality of care. Indeed, CMS has recently begun publicly reporting results of a patient satisfaction survey, called the "Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems" (or "HCAHPS"). This Research Brief explores factors leading to HCAHPS development and its fiscal implications, as well as performance of NAPH member hospitals in the initial data reporting periods.

NAPH Members Perform Well on CMS Core Measures

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:34:53 GMT

(June 2007) As part of its ongoing commitment to quality improvement, NAPH has been analyzing member-versus-national hospital performance on the 21 key measures that the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) is using in its Medicare "pay-for-reporting" effort. These measures cover four clinical conditions: heart attack, heart failure, pneumonia, and surgical care infection prevention. NAPH's analysis concludes that its members score well across the board, particularly on CMS's cardiovascular measures.

Quality Measures: A Major Focus for NAPH

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:35:21 GMT

(October 2006) This Research Brief summarizes the hospital quality measurement development process. It also reviews recommended measures by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and describes current NAPH activities around quality improvement.

Emergency Preparedness

Tue, 13 Apr 2010 09:33:46 GMT

NAPH Members Respond to Haiti Earthquake

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:42:08 GMT

(November 2010) This Research Brief examines the response of NAPH member hospitals and health systems to the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. It highlights NAPH member efforts to provide on-site clinical services in Haiti, collect and donate critical provisions and supplies, and care for earthquake victims evacuated to the U.S. for treatment. It also includes an overview of lessons learned and recommendations that may improve the nation's response to future international incidents.

Recent Changes to Emergency Preparedness Mandates and Funding

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:43:01 GMT

(May 2008) This Research Brief provides an update on upcoming and recent changes in hospital preparedness regulations, as well as changes in federal grant administration. Specifically, it outlines upcoming federal mandates for National Incident Management System compliance, new Joint Commission emergency management standards, and changes in federal preparedness funding.

The Safety Net Magazine: Emergency Preparedness - Safety Net Hospitals Ready When Disaster Strikes

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:43:43 GMT

(Summer 2007) Safety net hospitals and health systems are the essential foundation of the nations emergency health system. This magazine showcases NAPH members across the nation who stand ready when disaster strikes.

Emergency Preparedness in Public Hospitals: Complete Findings of the 2006-2007 Emergency Preparedness Study

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:44:09 GMT

(June 2007) NAPH's comprehensive emergency preparedness (EP) research study, conducted in 2006-2007, sought to: (1) determine the role of public hospitals during an emergency, and (2) identify emergency related concerns and activities at member hospitals. The study covered a broad range of topics - from communications systems to worried-well management - and is the most comprehensive work to date on safety net hospital preparedness. This monograph presents the full set of findings from this study.

Hospital Staffing and Surge Capacity During a Disaster Event

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:44:37 GMT

(May 2007) Recent disasters like the Northeast Blackout (2003) and Hurricane Katrina (2005) have given NAPH members firsthand experience activating complex surge capacity plans. This Research Brief describes key findings from NAPH's 2007-2008 emergency preparedness study, particularly focusing upon NAPH members' structural surge capacity plans, provisions for staff and their families, identifying and credentialing additional health care professionals, and emergency preparedness training strategies for hospital personnel.

Designated Coordinators Boost Preparedness Efforts at Public Hospitals

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:45:05 GMT

(October 2007) Most public hospital facilities assign disaster preparedness functions to existing staff, who take on this role in addition to their other responsibilities. However, to stay atop the ever-growing demand for disaster readiness activities, a new trend is emerging in public hospitals: the creation of a full-time, dedicated staff position with the sole responsibility of coordinating, integrating, and assessing preparedness activities for the hospital. To gain insight into this emerging trend, NPHHI conducted a telephone survey of dedicated disaster planners at NAPH facilities. This Research Brief presents findings from that survey.

Findings from the NPHHI Preliminary Emergency Preparedness Survey

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:45:34 GMT

(September 2006) This Research Brief describes the key findings from the intial phase of NAPH's emergency preparedness research study, which was a preliminary survey to gather data on preparedness efforts in public hosptials. It provides information about the special role of safety net hospitals during emergencies and explores issues around hospital staffing, preparedness equipment, staff training, and additional financial needs and priorities for member hospitals to increase planning efforts.

Chronic Conditions

Tue, 13 Apr 2010 09:36:13 GMT

Diabetes Care in Public Hospitals: Effective Interventions

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:48:50 GMT

(August 2008) Chronic diseases are among the most prevalent and costly of all health problems in the nation, and because they occur more frequently among vulnerable populations, safety-net hospitals provide a disproportionate share of treatment for these conditions. This Research Brief, the first of a series on promising public hospitals programs to address chronic illnesses, focuses on diabetes care. It presents findings from a 2008 study of diabetes care programs among NAPH members, summarizing common themes of such efforts and offering descriptions of specific promising interventions.

Obesity Treatment Programs in Public Hospitals and Health Systems: Complete Findings of the NPHHI Study

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:49:25 GMT

(April 2008) This monograph presents findings from the 2007 NPHHI study on obesity treatment in public hospitals. Funded by Morrison Healthcare Food Services, the study included a survey of NAPH members to ascertain the range and characteristics of public hospital obesity treatment programs. This monograph offers analyses of collected data (sample size: 69 obesity programs at 41 NAPH member facilities), as well as in-depth case studies of quantitatively successful programs at five safety-net hospitals.

Research Brief: Obesity Treatment Programs in Public Hospitals and Health Systems

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:49:49 GMT

(November 2007) With guidance from an advisory board of experts at NAPH facilities, NPHHI conducted a study of NAPH members to better understand the scope of public hospital obesity-related interventions. This Research Brief provides a summary of the study results. For more detailed findings, please see the related monograph, published in April 2008.

Caring for Patients with Diabetes in Safety Net Hospitals and Health Systems: What Patients Say About Their Care

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:50:14 GMT

(June 2005) With support from The Commonwealth Fund, NPHHI conducted a survey of diabetes patients who received care from four hospital systems: Cambridge Health Alliance, Community Health Network of San Francisco/San Francisco General Hospital, Cook County Health & Hospitals Systems, and LSU/Medical Center of Louisiana at New Orleans. This report summarizes survey results, including information on overall patient satisfaction with diabetes care, access to important diabetes-related services, individual diabetes management, health status, and communication with health care providers.

Innovative Chronic Care Programs in Public Hospitals and Health Systems

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:50:37 GMT

(May 2005) This Monograph provides a brief overview of the challenges that public hospitals and health systems face in attempting to improve chronic care. It offers case studies of chronic care improvement efforts in six public hospitals and health systems, and reviews the three models that have become the foundation for chronic care improvement. Finally, the report concludes by exploring common themes and offering recommendations for hospitals to consider in managing chronic care patients.

Disparities

Tue, 13 Apr 2010 09:37:35 GMT

Safety Net Health Systems: An Essential Partner in Reducing Health Care Disparities

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:52:45 GMT

(2009) Safety net health systems are committed to eliminating health care disparities by providing access to high-quality health care to all patients regardless of income, race, culture, or ethnicity-a cornerstone of health reform.

Research Brief: Public Hospitals Focus on Reducing Health Care Disparities

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:53:15 GMT

(December 2008) NAPH conducted a study in 2008 on promising, replicable public hospital practices that are successfully reducing health care disparites in member hospitals. This Research Brief identifies organizational models to address health care equity, as well as characteristcs and common themes of disparities-reducing activities.

Assuring Healthcare Equity: A Healthcare Equity Blueprint

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:53:41 GMT

(September 2008) Through a generous grant provided by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Minority Health, the National Public Health and Hospital Institute (NPHHI) - NAPH's research affiliate - released "Assuring Healthcare Equity: A Healthcare Equity Blueprint" in September 2008. In developing the Blueprint, NPHHI combined the expertise of national health care disparities leaders, experience of NAPH members, strategies for quality improvement designed by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, and the research knowledge of The Disparities Solutions Center at Massachusetts General Hospital. The Blueprint serves as a guide for all hospitals and providers, and offers strategies to address disparities through interventions that can be tailored to the individual hospital setting.

Medicaid and SCHIP Funding for Language Services

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:54:04 GMT

(April 2007) All public hospitals - as recipients of federal financial assistance - must ensure that individuals receive all necessary and appropriate care, regardless of language spoken, yet there is often little or no reimbursement available for supporting language programs or encouraging innovation in culturally and linguistically appropriate care. This Research Brief summarizes state reimbursement policies for language services, and profiles several states that assist hospitals directly by paying for language services in either inpatient or outpatient settings.

Addressing Disparities and Serving Diverse Patient Populations

Tue, 20 Dec 2011 09:54:30 GMT

(January 2007) Because NAPH members care for an extremely diverse patient population, they have ample opportunities to become laboratories for efforts to reduce racial and ethnic health care disparities. This Research Brief describes NAPH members' efforts related to cultural competency, language access, and health care quality that focus upon eliminating racial and ethnic disparities in care.

Safety Net Financing

Tue, 13 Apr 2010 09:40:03 GMT

Need for a Sustainable Solution: Restoring the Balance in Safety Net Financing

Thu, 15 Nov 2012 12:15:18 GMT

(Oct. 2012) This analysis describes the potential impact of hospitals incurring $53.3 billion more in uncompensated care costs than originally estimated when lawmakers approved the Affordable Care Act

Medicaid DSH Funds: Essential Support for the Nation's Safety Net

Thu, 15 Nov 2012 14:05:02 GMT

(Oct. 2012)This brief provides an overview of disproportionate share hospital (DSH) payments and their essential role in supporting the nation's safety net hospitals and health systems.

FY2010 Characteristics Report Executive Summary

Tue, 05 Jun 2012 16:18:38 GMT

(June 2012) This summary offers a brief overview of America's Safety Net Hospitals and Health Systems, 2010: Results of the Annual NAPH Hospital Characteristics Survey.

America's Safety Net Hospitals and Health Systems, 2010: Results of the Annual NAPH Hospital Characteristics Survey

Tue, 05 Jun 2012 16:12:04 GMT

(June 2012) This monograph examines the utilization and financial characteristics of NAPH members in 2010. Key findings for member hospitals include comparatively high levels of uncompensated care delivered, an increasing volume of care provided in both inpatient and outpatient settings, and the continued delivery of critical services to underserved populations.

Equitable, Sustainable, Reliable Safety Net Financing: Medicaid DSH

Tue, 05 Jun 2012 10:58:57 GMT

(May 2012) This policy brief outlines NAPH's recommendations for implementing the reductions to Medicaid DSH funding specified in the Affordable Care Act (ACA).

Safety Net Health Systems: Keeping Americans Healthy and Working

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:40:20 GMT

(October 2011) This brief highlights economic impact and employment findings for NAPH member states in FY 2009. This brief also outlines substantial cuts to state Medicaid programs and the impact of those cuts on providers and patients.

Study Reveals NAPH Members are 'Providers of Choice' for All Patients

Thu, 07 Jun 2012 10:40:40 GMT

(May 2011) This brief summarizes the findings from 10 years of data collected as part of the NAPH Annual Characteristics Survey. The study reveals past challenges for NAPH members including growing service demands, limited capacity, changing payer mix, and uncertain financing. NAPH members have increasingly become providers of choice attracting patients of all insurance types. Find out how these trends may influence safety net hospitals as they navigate health reform.

OurView - Revise the Medicaid DSH Audit and Reporting Rule

Wed, 07 Mar 2012 16:32:55 GMT

(March 2011) In December 2008, the federal Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a final DSH audit and reporting rule. Unfortunately, the rule goes beyond congressional intent by making substantive DSH policy changes that go beyond the scope of the rule-making process and congressional intent. NAPH urges the Administration to limit the scope of the rule to increasing transparency through greater auditing and reporting.

2009 Annual Survey: Safety Net Hospitals and Health Systems Fulfill Mission in Uncertain Times

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:43:26 GMT

(February 2011) This brief summarizes the results of the 2009 NAPH Characteristics Survey. Key findings for member hospitals include increased volumes of care delivered in both inpatient and outpatient settings (particularity to low-income populations), continued demand for specialized services (like trauma and burn care) from public hospitals, and the critical importance of Medicaid in funding NAPH members.

America's Public Hospitals and Health Systems, 2009: Results from the Annual NAPH Hospital Characteristics Survey

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:43:54 GMT

(December 2010) This monograph examines the utilization and financial characteristics of NAPH members in 2009. Key findings for member hospitals include comparatively high levels of uncompensated care being administered, an increasing volume of care being provided in both inpatient and outpatient settings, and the continued delivery of critical services to underserved populations.

Safety Net Health Systems: An Essential Resource During The Economic Recession

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:44:21 GMT

(August 2010) NAPH recently conducted a survey of its members to measure the impact of the economic recession of safety net hospitals. This document highlights the survey findings for the third and fourth quarters of calendar year 2009. Survey findings will be updated on a quarterly basis throughout the duration of the economic recession.

OurView - Revise the Medicaid DSH Auditing and Reporting Rule

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:44:52 GMT

(July 2010) In December 2008, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) issued a final DSH auditing and reporting rule. Unfortunately, the rule goes beyond congressional intent by making substantive DSH policy changes that go beyond the scope of the rule-making process and congressional intent. NAPH urges the Administration and Congress limit the scope of the rule to increasing transparency through greater auditing and reporting.

Safety Net Health Systems: An Essential Resource During the Economic Recession

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:45:44 GMT

(February 2010) Since the start of the current economic recession, safety net health systems have treated more patients overall and provided even more uncompensated care to low-income populations. This research brief explores how safety net organizations remain critical to the nation's health care system.

America's Safety Net Hospitals and Health Systems, 2008: Results of the NAPH Annual Hospital Characteristics Survey

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:46:13 GMT

(February 2010) Results of the Annual NAPH Characteristics Survey: This Monograph examines the utilization and financial characteristics of NAPH members in 2008. Key findings include: financial challenges faced, clinical and community services provided, and profiles of patients served by member hospitals.

2008 Annual Survey Underscores Key Role of Nation's Safety Net Hospitals and Health Systems

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:46:41 GMT

(December 2009) Results from the NAPH 2008 annual Characteristics Survey indicate safety net hospitals continued to fulfill critical roles in their communities amid the initial effects of a national economic downturn. Read more about the what the survey findings mean for the future of the safety net.

Research Brief: 2007 Annual Survey Results Highlight the Importance of the Nation's Safety Net Hospitals and Health Systems

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:47:19 GMT

(June 2009) Results from the National Association of Public Hospitals and Health Systems (NAPH) annual membership characteristics survey indicate that safety net hospitals continue to fulfill critical roles in their communities.

America's Safety Net Hospitals and Health Systems, 2007: Results of the NAPH Annual Hospital Characteristics Survey

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:47:49 GMT

(May 2009) Results of the Annual NAPH Characteristics Survey: This Monograph examines the utilization and financial characteristics of NAPH members in 2007. Key findings include: financial challenges faced, clinical and community services provided, and profiles of patients served by member hospitals.

America's Safety Net Hospitals and Health Systems, 2004: Results of the NAPH Annual Hospital Characteristics Survey

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:48:24 GMT

(October 2006) Results of the Annual NAPH Characteristics Survey: This Monograph examines the utilization and financial characteristics of NAPH members in 2004. Key findings include: financial challenges faced, clinical and community services provided, and profiles of patients served by member hospitals.

Medicaid Section 1115 Demonstration Projects: Emerging Trends in Safety Net Financing

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:48:52 GMT

(March 2006) Section 1115 of the Medicaid statute enables the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to waive compliance with certain Medicaid requirements. This paper focuses on an emerging trend among states to use Section 1115 demonstrations to restructure Medicaid payments supporting safety net providers (i.e. "safety net financing").

Medicaid Section 1115 Demonstration Projects: Financing Opportunities and Considerations for Public Hospitals and Health Systems

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:49:24 GMT

(March 2006) In 2005, four states - Massachusetts, California, Iowa, and Florida - received approval for Section 1115 demonstration projects that restructure Medicaid safety net hospital financing. In part, this trend is an outgrowth of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' (CMS) enhanced scrutiny of Medicaid reimbursement and financing mechanisms. Section 1115 may present opportunities for states and public hospitals to preserve funding for the safety net in the face of CMS efforts to restrict or eliminate intergovermental transfers and supplemental upper payment limit (UPL) payments.

America's Safety Net Hospitals and Health Systems, 2003: Results of the NAPH Annual Hospital Characteristics Survey

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:49:53 GMT

(October 2005) Results of the Annual NAPH Characteristics Survey: This Monograph examines the utilization and financial characteristics of NAPH members in 2003. Key findings include: financial challenges faced, clinical and community services provided, and profiles of patients served by member hospitals.

America's Safety Net Hospitals and Health Systems, 2002: Results of the NAPH Annual Hospital Characteristics Survey

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:50:20 GMT

(September 2004) Results of the Annual NAPH Characteristics Survey: This report examines the utilization and financial characteristics of NAPH members in 2002. Key findings include: financial challenges faced, clinical and community services provided, and profiles of patients served by member hospitals.

America's Safety Net Hospitals and Health Systems, 2001: Results of the NAPH Annual Hospital Characteristics Survey

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:50:47 GMT

(September 2003) Results of the Annual NAPH Characteristics Survey: This Monograph examines the utilization and financial characteristics of NAPH members in 2001. Key findings include: financial challenges faced, clinical and community services provided, and profiles of patients served by member hospitals.

America's Safety Net Hospitals and Health Systems, 1999: Results of the NAPH Annual Hospital Characteristics Survey

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:51:15 GMT

(October 2001) Results of the Annual NAPH Characteristics Survey: This report examines the utilization and financial characteristics of NAPH members in 1999. Key findings include: financial challenges faced, clinical and community services provided, and profiles of patients served by member hospitals.

America's Safety Net Hospitals and Health Systems, 1998: Results of the NAPH Annual Hospital Characteristics Survey

Tue, 03 Jan 2012 11:51:42 GMT

(October 2000) Results of the Annual NAPH Characteristics Survey: This report examines the utilization and financial characteristics of NAPH members in 1998. Key findings include: financial challenges faced, clinical and community services provided, and profiles of patients served by member hospitals. This report also outlines NAPH member trends, including the increasing burden of treating the uninsured, the shift from inpatient to outpatient care, increased competition for Medicaid and commercially insured patients, and reduced federal/state funding.

Key Features of State 1115 Demonstration Projects

Wed, 20 May 2009 16:41:24 GMT

This chart outlines key features of select demonstration projects approved by CMS between January 2001 and December 2005.

Comparison of Safety Net Financing Provisions in Recent 1115 Demonstration Programs

Wed, 28 Jul 2010 17:17:30 GMT